"After nursing her dying father, patient Bertha Pappenheim suffered debilitating psychological problems then classified as 'severe hysteria.' Eminent psychoanalyst Josef Breuer treated Pappenheim in Vienna from 1880-1882, documented her case, and made it known to Sigmund Freud, who referred to her in his own writings as 'Anna O.'
Her symptoms (paralysis, hallucinations, inability to eat and drink, and suicidal tendencies), were relieved through hypnosis and explication of her memories, therapy that Pappenheim referred to as 'chimney sweeping' and 'talking cure.' Eventually trained by Breuer to treat herself, Pappenheim was hailed by a later commentator as the real discoverer of the 'cathartic method'...
With the help of concerned relatives, Pappenheim cultivated her growing interest in social justice, and in Frankfurt she was attracted to German feminism, particularly influenced by the work of activists like Helen Lange. In 1890, under the pseudonym of Paul Berthold, Pappenheim expressed her concern for children and the poor in a book of short stories entitled In the Second Hand Shop. Pappenheim committed herself to integrating her new passion for feminism with her concerns for social justice and her identity as a Jew."
Link: Encyclopedia Project.